<?php
/**
* CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (https://cakephp.org)
* Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
*
* Licensed under The MIT License
* For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
* Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
*
* @copyright Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
* @link https://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
* @since 3.1
* @license https://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
*/
namespace Cake\Datasource;
/**
* The basis for every query object
*
* @method $this andWhere($conditions, $types = [])
* @method $this select($fields = [], $overwrite = false)
* @method \Cake\Datasource\RepositoryInterface getRepository()
*/
interface QueryInterface
{
const JOIN_TYPE_INNER = 'INNER';
const JOIN_TYPE_LEFT = 'LEFT';
const JOIN_TYPE_RIGHT = 'RIGHT';
/**
* Returns a key => value array representing a single aliased field
* that can be passed directly to the select() method.
* The key will contain the alias and the value the actual field name.
*
* If the field is already aliased, then it will not be changed.
* If no $alias is passed, the default table for this query will be used.
*
* @param string $field The field to alias
* @param string|null $alias the alias used to prefix the field
* @return string
*/
public function aliasField($field, $alias = null);
/**
* Runs `aliasField()` for each field in the provided list and returns
* the result under a single array.
*
* @param array $fields The fields to alias
* @param string|null $defaultAlias The default alias
* @return string[]
*/
public function aliasFields($fields, $defaultAlias = null);
/**
* Fetch the results for this query.
*
* Will return either the results set through setResult(), or execute this query
* and return the ResultSetDecorator object ready for streaming of results.
*
* ResultSetDecorator is a traversable object that implements the methods found
* on Cake\Collection\Collection.
*
* @return \Cake\Datasource\ResultSetInterface
*/
public function all();
/**
* Populates or adds parts to current query clauses using an array.
* This is handy for passing all query clauses at once. The option array accepts:
*
* - fields: Maps to the select method
* - conditions: Maps to the where method
* - limit: Maps to the limit method
* - order: Maps to the order method
* - offset: Maps to the offset method
* - group: Maps to the group method
* - having: Maps to the having method
* - contain: Maps to the contain options for eager loading
* - join: Maps to the join method
* - page: Maps to the page method
*
* ### Example:
*
* ```
* $query->applyOptions([
* 'fields' => ['id', 'name'],
* 'conditions' => [
* 'created >=' => '2013-01-01'
* ],
* 'limit' => 10
* ]);
* ```
*
* Is equivalent to:
*
* ```
* $query
* ->select(['id', 'name'])
* ->where(['created >=' => '2013-01-01'])
* ->limit(10)
* ```
*
* @param array $options list of query clauses to apply new parts to.
* @return $this
*/
public function applyOptions(array $options);
/**
* Apply custom finds to against an existing query object.
*
* Allows custom find methods to be combined and applied to each other.
*
* ```
* $repository->find('all')->find('recent');
* ```
*
* The above is an example of stacking multiple finder methods onto
* a single query.
*
* @param string $finder The finder method to use.
* @param array $options The options for the finder.
* @return $this Returns a modified query.
*/
public function find($finder, array $options = []);
/**
* Returns the first result out of executing this query, if the query has not been
* executed before, it will set the limit clause to 1 for performance reasons.
*
* ### Example:
*
* ```
* $singleUser = $query->select(['id', 'username'])->first();
* ```
*
* @return mixed the first result from the ResultSet
*/
public function first();
/**
* Returns the total amount of results for the query.
*
* @return int
*/
public function count();
/**
* Sets the number of records that should be retrieved from database,
* accepts an integer or an expression object that evaluates to an integer.
* In some databases, this operation might not be supported or will require
* the query to be transformed in order to limit the result set size.
*
* ### Examples
*
* ```
* $query->limit(10) // generates LIMIT 10
* $query->limit($query->newExpr()->add(['1 + 1'])); // LIMIT (1 + 1)
* ```
*
* @param int $num number of records to be returned
* @return $this
*/
public function limit($num);
/**
* Sets the number of records that should be skipped from the original result set
* This is commonly used for paginating large results. Accepts an integer or an
* expression object that evaluates to an integer.
*
* In some databases, this operation might not be supported or will require
* the query to be transformed in order to limit the result set size.
*
* ### Examples
*
* ```
* $query->offset(10) // generates OFFSET 10
* $query->offset($query->newExpr()->add(['1 + 1'])); // OFFSET (1 + 1)
* ```
*
* @param int $num number of records to be skipped
* @return $this
*/
public function offset($num);
/**
* Adds a single or multiple fields to be used in the ORDER clause for this query.
* Fields can be passed as an array of strings, array of expression
* objects, a single expression or a single string.
*
* If an array is passed, keys will be used as the field itself and the value will
* represent the order in which such field should be ordered. When called multiple
* times with the same fields as key, the last order definition will prevail over
* the others.
*
* By default this function will append any passed argument to the list of fields
* to be selected, unless the second argument is set to true.
*
* ### Examples:
*
* ```
* $query->order(['title' => 'DESC', 'author_id' => 'ASC']);
* ```
*
* Produces:
*
* `ORDER BY title DESC, author_id ASC`
*
* ```
* $query->order(['title' => 'DESC NULLS FIRST'])->order('author_id');
* ```
*
* Will generate:
*
* `ORDER BY title DESC NULLS FIRST, author_id`
*
* ```
* $expression = $query->newExpr()->add(['id % 2 = 0']);
* $query->order($expression)->order(['title' => 'ASC']);
* ```
*
* Will become:
*
* `ORDER BY (id %2 = 0), title ASC`
*
* If you need to set complex expressions as order conditions, you
* should use `orderAsc()` or `orderDesc()`.
*
* @param array|string $fields fields to be added to the list
* @param bool $overwrite whether to reset order with field list or not
* @return $this
*/
public function order($fields, $overwrite = false);
/**
* Set the page of results you want.
*
* This method provides an easier to use interface to set the limit + offset
* in the record set you want as results. If empty the limit will default to
* the existing limit clause, and if that too is empty, then `25` will be used.
*
* Pages must start at 1.
*
* @param int $num The page number you want.
* @param int|null $limit The number of rows you want in the page. If null
* the current limit clause will be used.
* @return $this
* @throws \InvalidArgumentException If page number < 1.
*/
public function page($num, $limit = null);
/**
* Returns an array representation of the results after executing the query.
*
* @return array
*/
public function toArray();
/**
* Returns the default repository object that will be used by this query,
* that is, the repository that will appear in the from clause.
*
* @param \Cake\Datasource\RepositoryInterface|null $repository The default repository object to use
* @return \Cake\Datasource\RepositoryInterface|$this
*/
public function repository(RepositoryInterface $repository = null);
/**
* Adds a condition or set of conditions to be used in the WHERE clause for this
* query. Conditions can be expressed as an array of fields as keys with
* comparison operators in it, the values for the array will be used for comparing
* the field to such literal. Finally, conditions can be expressed as a single
* string or an array of strings.
*
* When using arrays, each entry will be joined to the rest of the conditions using
* an AND operator. Consecutive calls to this function will also join the new
* conditions specified using the AND operator. Additionally, values can be
* expressed using expression objects which can include other query objects.
*
* Any conditions created with this methods can be used with any SELECT, UPDATE
* and DELETE type of queries.
*
* ### Conditions using operators:
*
* ```
* $query->where([
* 'posted >=' => new DateTime('3 days ago'),
* 'title LIKE' => 'Hello W%',
* 'author_id' => 1,
* ], ['posted' => 'datetime']);
* ```
*
* The previous example produces:
*
* `WHERE posted >= 2012-01-27 AND title LIKE 'Hello W%' AND author_id = 1`
*
* Second parameter is used to specify what type is expected for each passed
* key. Valid types can be used from the mapped with Database\Type class.
*
* ### Nesting conditions with conjunctions:
*
* ```
* $query->where([
* 'author_id !=' => 1,
* 'OR' => ['published' => true, 'posted <' => new DateTime('now')],
* 'NOT' => ['title' => 'Hello']
* ], ['published' => boolean, 'posted' => 'datetime']
* ```
*
* The previous example produces:
*
* `WHERE author_id = 1 AND (published = 1 OR posted < '2012-02-01') AND NOT (title = 'Hello')`
*
* You can nest conditions using conjunctions as much as you like. Sometimes, you
* may want to define 2 different options for the same key, in that case, you can
* wrap each condition inside a new array:
*
* `$query->where(['OR' => [['published' => false], ['published' => true]])`
*
* Keep in mind that every time you call where() with the third param set to false
* (default), it will join the passed conditions to the previous stored list using
* the AND operator. Also, using the same array key twice in consecutive calls to
* this method will not override the previous value.
*
* ### Using expressions objects:
*
* ```
* $exp = $query->newExpr()->add(['id !=' => 100, 'author_id' != 1])->tieWith('OR');
* $query->where(['published' => true], ['published' => 'boolean'])->where($exp);
* ```
*
* The previous example produces:
*
* `WHERE (id != 100 OR author_id != 1) AND published = 1`
*
* Other Query objects that be used as conditions for any field.
*
* ### Adding conditions in multiple steps:
*
* You can use callable functions to construct complex expressions, functions
* receive as first argument a new QueryExpression object and this query instance
* as second argument. Functions must return an expression object, that will be
* added the list of conditions for the query using the AND operator.
*
* ```
* $query
* ->where(['title !=' => 'Hello World'])
* ->where(function ($exp, $query) {
* $or = $exp->or_(['id' => 1]);
* $and = $exp->and_(['id >' => 2, 'id <' => 10]);
* return $or->add($and);
* });
* ```
*
* * The previous example produces:
*
* `WHERE title != 'Hello World' AND (id = 1 OR (id > 2 AND id < 10))`
*
* ### Conditions as strings:
*
* ```
* $query->where(['articles.author_id = authors.id', 'modified IS NULL']);
* ```
*
* The previous example produces:
*
* `WHERE articles.author_id = authors.id AND modified IS NULL`
*
* Please note that when using the array notation or the expression objects, all
* values will be correctly quoted and transformed to the correspondent database
* data type automatically for you, thus securing your application from SQL injections.
* If you use string conditions make sure that your values are correctly quoted.
* The safest thing you can do is to never use string conditions.
*
* @param string|array|callable|null $conditions The conditions to filter on.
* @param array $types associative array of type names used to bind values to query
* @param bool $overwrite whether to reset conditions with passed list or not
* @return $this
*/
public function where($conditions = null, $types = [], $overwrite = false);
}